Lexical-semantic processes in the borrowed names of rooms and parts of the yard in the northern Ukrainian area
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58423/2786-6726/2022-2-25-40Keywords:
monument, borrowing, thematic group, northern dialect, lexical-semantic variant, sememeAbstract
In the article on the materials of the monuments of the Northern Ukrainian period of the XVI–XVII centuries. the lexical-semantic features of borrowed words in the names of premises are analyzed. In this group, the semantic development of words in the Polish dialect and in the Ukrainian language in general is traced. The isolated lexemes are divided into groups: names of places where there is a house with commercial premises; names of premises in which people live; names of business premises; names of parts of the yard. In all groups, there are borrowings that penetrated both in the most ancient period and in the XIV–XVII centuries. Words of foreign origin were borrowed from various sources: German, Polish, Czech, Lithuanian, Latin.
Doublet names with identical semantics functioned in the analyzed texts (proper name – borrowed: домъ – будинокъ – халупа – хебора – гридня; ворота – брама – брана; borrowed – borrowed: клуня – стодола – шпихлір; спижарня – хорлѣбъ – шофа), which contributed to the expansion of paradigmatic series in the Ukrainian language. In the process of development, the presence of a specific and a borrowed word for one signified led to differentiation between them (паркан – забор, брама – ворота).
Most lexemes of the analyzed group () were borrowed in the XVI–XVII centuries. According to the materials of the SSUM, words of foreign origin were transferred from the previous language era: кухня, фолварокъ, плацъ, склεпъ, хата. In the lexicon of the modern Ukrainian language, the following words remained: брама, будинок, ґанок, замок, кухня, палац, паркан, плац, римар, спіжарня, фільварок, халупа, хата, шопа, шпихлір. Individual lexemes actively function in the modern North Ukrainian dialect, have a wide range of lexical-semantic meanings (шопа, спіжарня) or have undergone semantic reintegration in the course of development (склеп, паркан); in some places in the dialect speech there was a semantic differentiation of nouns that had a doublet meaning (ворота – брама; забор – паркан). A number of words have fallen out of active use (хорлѣбъ, шофа, кгмахъ). The words ґанок, паркан, стодола, клуня remained without significant semantic changes; будинок,комора, кухня, хата on Ukrainian soil expanded the semantics.
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