Surnames of Zhytomyr residents in the “National Book of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Ukraine”, derived from personal appellatives

Abstract

Ukrainian surnames, as the newest class of anthroponyms, have been studied by B. B. Blyzniuk, H. Ye. Buchko, L. O. Kravchenko, S. Ye. Pantso, Yu. K. Redko, M. L. Khudash, P. P. Chuchka, and other scholars. The proposed article characterises the derivational bases of the surnames of Zhytomyr residents listed in the “National Book of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Ukraine”, which are formed from personal names based on: external features and internal properties; occupation and profession; social and financial status, socio-political position; national and territorial attributes; family and kinship relations, and affinity. Among the analysed anthroponyms, the majority are surnames derived from personal nouns indicating external features and internal traits, professional activity, and national or territorial origin. Among personal appellatives related to physical/physiological conditions, the most widely represented are those characterising a person by skin and hair features (Patla, Rudy, Syvak), indicating physical disabilities (Holovan, Zhmurchuk, Kutsyurub), height, body type, or physical strength (Hladun, Malenkyi, Khudyakov). Among surnames motivated by names of individuals based on their inner traits, common subcategories include: a) names indicating temperament, character, and behaviour (Bolkun, Krut, Serdeha); b) names indicating speech characteristics or defects (Krykun, Mymryk, Shokalo). A significant number of surnames originate from professions related to woodworking and crafting (Kolodiychuk, Plotnikov, Stolyar), metalworking, jewellery making, and weapons manufacturing (Zheleznyak, Zolotarenko, Slisarchuk), wool and leather processing, textile production, tailoring, and shoemaking (Kozhar, Kravchenko, Shapoval), food preparation, beverage production, and trade (Bubliy, Kukhta, Shikaruk), as well as art and education (Dudnyk, Konovalchuk, Tantsura), among others. Ethnic attributes are reflected in surnames such as Voloshyn, Grekov, Moldavan, Uhrinovych, Chesko, etc. Territorial (topographical) attributes are represented in anthroponyms like Vyhovskyi, Zaluzhnyi, Korostyshivskyi, Novosad, Piddubnyi, and many others. A smaller group of surnames is derived from names of individuals based on social and financial status or socio-political position, including those linked to specific socio-economic conditions (Halayda, Holyachenko, Mokhnach), military affairs (Haidochenko, Koshovyi, Sotnyk), religion, and church life (Dyak, Palamarchuk, Tytarchuk). The smallest group of surnames originates from names based on family and kinship relations, such as Vdovenko, Dyadyk, Prymak. This research was conducted using a descriptive method, particularly through inventorying and systematising lexical material, with the application of the linguistic technique of lexical-semantic analysis.