Операціоналізація двомовного мовного досвіду та його зв'язок із виконавчою функцією
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58423/2786-6726/2024-2-109-127Ключові слова:
мовний досвід, виконавча функція, білінгвізм, багатомовність, володіння мовою, засвоєння мови, тенденції використання мовиАнотація
Дослідження зв’язку між мовним досвідом і виконавчою функцією є важливою темою в галузі психолінгвістики вже більше двох десятиліть. Результати досліджень показали як підтверджувальні, так і заперечливі докази існування такого зв’язку. Остаточної відповіді про зв’язок між мовним досвідом і виконавчою функцією ще нема через перегляд усталених методологічних підходів і нових теорій, які у процесі розроблення, що ставить під сумнів достовірність попередніх результатів. Стаття є спробою узагальнити та пояснити сучасні тенденції в цьому напрямі досліджень, особливо зосереджуючись на питанні операціоналізації мовного досвіду. Білінгвізм і багатомовність є складними поняттями, що складаються з багатьох елементів, які можуть мати унікальний, незалежний вплив на мислення, включаючи рівень володіння мовою, спосіб і тривалість оволодівання мовою, поточні тенденції використання мови. У попередніх дослідженнях була тенденція зосереджуватися на одному елементі мовного досвіду для категоріального розрізнення між одномовними та двомовними людьми, зводячи велику варіативність останніх під одну категорію. Кожен елемент мовного досвіду має бути врахований і ретельно операціоналізований таким чином, щоб забезпечити прийнятне порівняння між різними дослідженнями на цю тему. Вивчення впливу різних елементів мовного досвіду на когнітивний контроль, взаємодії між цими елементами вимагають уваги, що здебільшого ігнорувалось. Наостанок, кожне дослідження має бути підкріплено надійною теоретичною основою, яка, як стверджувалося, є проблемою для дослідження зв’язку між мовним досвідом і виконавчою функцією, але має великий потенціал для вирішення невідповідностей у результатах дослідження. Не кожен досвід взаємодії з мовами потребує старанного когнітивного опрацювання та адаптацій, і навіть якщо деякий досвід дійсно того потребує, необхідна комплексна теорія для того, щоб пояснити, як когнітивні адаптації для використання мови можуть узагальнюватися в інших сферах мислення.
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